The following information is from Unit 10 of the book Teaching: A Course in Psychology by Wesley C. Becker, Siegfried Engelmann, and Don R. Thomas.
Note: Science Research Associates published the book in 1971. I am unsure if the publishers reprinted the book or if it is available to buy. I found it through a university inter-library loan program. I suspect that Becker or Engelmann use the book or some form of it in their special education teaching classes at the University of Oregon.
- Task-embedded reinforcers: reinforcers built into the teaching presentation
- Content of presentation or style of prsentation
- Reinforcing content examples: themes with food, people making silly mistakes, unusual animals, dramatic and content
- How to make neutral content reinforcing
- A neutral stimulus can become a conditioned reinforcer if the neutral stimulus is repeatedly followed by reinforcement
- Teaching with a reinforcing style
- The teacher responds to the material as if it is interesting and exciting
- “The teacher needs to take the role of an actor playing at being a fun teacher until she actually becomes a fun teacher”
- Variations in pacing, rhythm, loudness, and pauses create intermittent reinforcement for on-task behavior
- Pauses are especially important because the students more carefully attend to what comes next
- Pauses can also seem like a game, and students usually enjoy any games
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